Analyse word “sak” from Javanese into Bahasa Indonesia Perspective

Analyse word “sak” from Javanese into Bahasa Indonesia Perspective

by Balqist Hamada

Analyzing Javanese words is something challenging for the author because sometimes, some words in Javanese has many meanings, categories and functions. In this paper, the author tries to analyze Javanese word “sak”, and the author would like to compare and contrast the word with Bahasa Indonesia perspective

The word sak in Java has kinds of categories. If it stands alone, it has two meanings in Bahasa Indonesia. They are karung and saku, and their categories are noun. Sometimes in Java, there will be misunderstanding between speaker and the listener when they are talking about this word. It can be happened if we pronounce /k/ in different way, for example we will have meaning pocket or saku if we pronounce /k/ in word sak like saying (‘) in the middle of the word, as in the word sa’id. However, sak will have meaning sack or karung if we pronounce /k/ with puffing the air.

The word sak in Javanese will has meaning prefix se- in Bahasa Indonesia if it is followed by other word. In this example, the word sak has category as adjunct and the function as modifier.

·         Have meaning one

Wes       sak    ulan    Fahmi  durung   mbayar  utang.

Sudah    satu/se-   bulan   fahmi  belum   bayar   hutang.

It’s been a month Fahmi  hasn’t paid the debt.

·         Have meaning a whole

Wong sak omah wes podo turu kabeh

Orang serumah sudah tidur semua

Everyone in the house is already sleeping

·         Have meaning after (adv of time)

Watuk e rodhok mendo sak wise ngombe obat

Batuk nya agak reda setelah minum obat

His cough is subsided after taking the medicine

·         Have meaning supposition

Sak pinter pintere wong mesti tau nggae salah

Sepintar-pintarnya orang pasti pernah membuat kesalahan

 

Similarities between sak in Javanese and prefix se- in Bahasa Indonesia

·         Have category as adverb and the function as modifier

(Show adverb of time)

Watuk e rodhok mendo sak wise ngombe obat

Batuk nya agak reda setelah minum obat

His cough is subsided after taking the medicine

 

·         Followed by suffix “-e” or in Bahasa inonesia “-nya”

    Javanese people often say “sak” by adding “e” for the final letter. it also happens in Bahasa Indonesia, it has meaning suffix “-nya”. The meaning of  “-e” here, doesn’t mean possession but just a suffix. A combination of prefixes and suffixes that form a unity like this is called konfiks in Indonesia.

Sakjane, Agis ga usah nulis materi maneh

Sebenarnya, Agis tidak usah menulus materi lagi

Actually, Agis doesn’t need to write the material anymore

 

·         Can be ended with accusative pronoun

“-e” in Javanese can have meaning possession, so it can be replaced by another accusative pronoun.

Pas wisuda, diki nggowo adik e, bapak e sak tonggo ne pisan

Saat wisuda, diki membawa adiknya, ayahnya beserta tetangganya juga

At graduation ceremony, diki brings his little brother, his father and also his neighbor

 

Mben lek aku rabi, aku kate ngundang awakmu sak pacarmu pisan.

Nanti jika aku menikah, aku akan mengundangmu beserta pacarmu juga.

Someday if I got married, I will invite you with your boyfriend also.

 

 

·         The position

   Sak as an adverb can be placed in the beginning, middle, and final of the sentence just like other adverbs. However, not all adjunctive adverbs are equally mobile. The choice of position is determined by its type (circumstantial, modal, degree, etc.), the scope of its meaning (whole clause or part of clause) the degree of emphasis the speaker wishes to give to it, and the general information structure of the clauses.

Sakjane, awakmu iku ayu

Awakmu sakjane iku ayu

Awakmu iku ayu, sakjane

 

Differences between sak and prefix se- in Bahasa Indonesia

·         The way of writing

    In writing word sak, it must be separated with the following word. it is quite different with the way of writing prefix se- in Bahasa Indonesia. Prefix se- must be merged with the following word except if the next word uses capital letter in the beginning. For example, se-Indonesia, se-Asia, etc.

Sak durunge turu aku mesti sikatan disek

Sebelum tidur aku pasti menyikat gigiku terlebih dahulu

Before I go to bed I brush my teeth first

 

But there is an exception for sakjane, this word has meaning prefix se- in Bahasa Indonesia. However, in writing, it’s merged with the following word. We can’t separate it like sak jane because it will lose its meaning.

 

·         Doesn’t always mean prefix se- in Bahasa Indonesia

Sometimes Javanese people use word sak for many purposes, and it can’t be translated as prefix se- as usually, for example

(has function as preposition)

Pas wisuda, diki nggowo adik e, bapak e sak tonggo ne pisan

Saat wisuda, diki membawa adiknya, ayahnya beserta tetangganya juga

At graduation ceremony, diki brings his little brother, his father and also his neighbor

 

    When the author did the research, some Javanese people mentioned sakken belong to this discussion. However, it’s totally different. The word sakken can’t be separated with the next letters. If it separated, it will have no meaning. In addition, sakken doesn’t contain prefix se- in Bahasa Indonesia.

 

Aku rumongso sakken nang Diki

Aku merasa kasihan kepada Diki

I feel pity on Diki

Aku rumongso sak ken nang Diki

*Aku merasa ????? kepada Diki

*I feel  ????? on Diki

 

 

Conclusion

If word sak stands alone, the meaning in Bahasa Indonesia can be saku and karung, and their categories are noun. But, if the word sak on Javanese is followed by some particular words, they will have meaning prefix se- in Bahasa Indonesia, such as sak karepe, sak isone and their categories are adverb. Moreover, there are some words that begin with sak but they don’t have meaning like prefix se- in Bahasa Indonesia, such as sak tonggone, sak adike. Their categories are preposition. The last, there are also words begin with sak but it category doesn’t belong to preposition, noun, or even adverb, for example sakken.

 

 

 

REFERENCES:

Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum.2005. English Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge Universiy Press.

Yule George. 1985. The Study of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge Universiy Press.

Angela Downing. 1992.  English Grammar. Prentince Hall International (UK)